House buyers, particularly those using money from KiwiSaver, may be being put at risk by real estate agents altering sale and purchase agreements, the Law Association warns.
The association’s property law committee raised a concern with the Real Estate Institute after members noted real estate salespeople were altering agreements to waive buyers’ title requisition rights. These gave buyers time to ensure the title was acceptable, even if an offer was unconditional.
Changes were also being made to allow the early release of buyers’ deposits to the vendors.
Law Association president Tony Herring said it was not a widespread issue, but had been noted on a handful of agreements.
He said if the title requisition right was unaltered and there was a problem with it, the purchaser had time to get the defect fixed or to back out of the deal if necessary.
But if it was not, he said, buyers could be put in an impossible position.
“There’s not often defects on the title but it does happen, and it happened to me recently where there was a cross-leased title involving four different properties and there was an error on the title.
“To get that fixed is very difficult and very costly and can take quite some time because you need to involve surveyors, banks.”
The purchaser’s lawyer would have to alert the bank to the problem.
“If there is a defect on the title, the bank will then say ‘we are not going to advance the mortgage funds until you’ve fixed it’. In the meantime, the settlement date is coming up and the purchaser has to settle because they are in an unconditional situation, but they cannot raise the money from the bank. Therefore, it is catch-22.”
Herring said a standard sale and purchase agreement said the person holding the deposit, whether that was a salesperson or a lawyer, needed to hold it for 10 working days, which aligned with the title requisition period. Once that was over and the buyer’s conditions were satisfied, it could be released.
“If the deposit is released earlier than that and the vendor spends the deposit — maybe they use it for paying down debt, to put a deposit on a house they are buying or they might go overseas, if the requisition period is activated and the purchaser has to cancel the contract — if that deposit is gone, it makes it much more difficult to get back.”
Herring said, if someone was using KiwiSaver to pay a deposit, their lawyer had to give a legal undertaking to the provider that if anything went wrong and settlement did not go ahead, the money would be returned. But, if something happened and the money had disappeared, that would be much harder.
“It heightens the risk for KiwiSaver first-home buyers.”
He said people who discovered a change had been made to an agreement they had signed should seek legal advice.
Real Estate Authority (REA) chief executive Belinda Moffat said her organisation had provided general advice to the sector on the issue.
“Section 123 of the Act requires agents to hold money received in respect of a transaction for 10 working days – unless both parties agree to an earlier release. Ultimately, this 10-day rule exists to protect consumers. If a vendor fails to settle, or an issue arises before settlement, if the deposit has already been released it could leave the purchaser with no security that their deposit can be recovered.
“An early release of a deposit is only permitted by court order, or if each party to the transactions signs an authority agreeing to the early release. REA is concerned that some licensees and parties have sought to include an early release clause as an additional clause in the Sale and Purchase Agreement.
“REA does not consider that an early release clause in the Sale and Purchase Agreement meets the purposes of the Act. Such clauses may undermine the consumer protection intent of section 123. Licensees should instead ensure parties give informed authority to early release.”
Moffat said she was not able to comment on the current status of any complaints.
“We note further that whether there is a finding of breach of the conduct rules will depend on the facts of each case.”
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